If i were president writing paper: 2020

Friday, September 11, 2020

How To Write An Essay

How To Write An Essay Writers Per Hour respects deadlines and is supplied to write papers quickly. Writing an essay, research paper or term paper is not any joke. It takes days of planning, research and writing to ship a high-notch paper. It definitely isnâ€™t one thing you can end in a single day. Tried calling them however the helpline was unavailable on a regular basis. Our term paper was less than passable and never value an A. The writing type was not appropriate for the academic level we ordered it for. However, we can say that it was correctly formatted, nicely referenced and delivered throughout the deadline. Writing 1,500 phrases will take about 37.5 minutes for the common author typing on a keyboard and 1.three hours for handwriting. However, if the content needs to include in-depth research, links, citations, or graphics corresponding to for a blog article or highschool essay, the length can develop to five hours. Choose a good author â€" all of it begins with deciding on an expert that's proper in your order. Every order we obtain is unique and thatâ€™s how we deal with them. When you attain out to Writers Per Hour to rent individuals to write down papers, you possibly can count on to get your needs met. If youâ€™re panicking about this as a result of you could have a submission in 24 hours, donâ€™t fear. Each essay is different and require roughly paragraphs relying on the knowledge you need to provide in the writing. I think the five paragraphs for an essay is more of a rule-of-thumb quantity that is straightforward to show college students when they are first studying to write. Your instructor was just attempting to make sure you understood tips on how to write, not offer you a rule you needed to all the time obey. When viewing an electronic version of a scholar paper in MicroSoft Word, the precise word depend can be easily determined. It is smart to me and that's how Iâ€™ve at all times accomplished it. I assume five paragraphs is an efficient quantity to shoot for when writing, however it isnâ€™t a tough-quick rule you have to hit every time. You need them to have plenty of experience and be knowledgeable about the matter at length. This means, there ought to be no discrepancies with the work that your trainer would query. I was taught essays should be 7 paragraphs lengthy, not 5. My instructor mentioned 3 central paragraphs by no means gives sufficient element to the topic, so we must always write 5. Once I positioned the project order, they delayed the supply of my project till it was a day previous the submission deadline. They not only missed the project submission deadline, but in addition delivered a paraphrased project. I came to learn about this after I checked my friendâ€™s copy . All they did was text rewriting using some low-cost paraphrasing device. I am not going to advocate this service to any of my pals. Some analysis assignments require college students to incorporate the word rely of their paper. So, the next time you wish to get assist from somebody to put in writing a paper, you know where to return. You will discuss to the writers solely, who may be not nicely-versed in your matter. I actually have to confess that this is the worst support I even have ever seen. Reviewed By Ava Robinson on 01 Apr, I had an urgent project submission deadline. Every time I called, my call could be stored on maintain. Reviewed By Kylie Anderson on 19 Sep, I hired edubirdei for my maths project and was very disappointed with their project. They have a coverage where you possibly can ask for a refund if you are not happpy with their delivered assignment. I tried to do the dame when I was delivered an misguided maths paper stuffed with mistaken options however I couldn't get the refund.

Essay Writing Service Online

Essay Writing Service Online When I needed a revision for my paper, they denied the service. Reviewed By Martin Harris on 08 Nov, Yeah, I had booked three assignments at edubiride as my pal had beneficial. It changed the that means of almost every sentence and returned a messy version of my paper. I would quite choose to paraphrase the texts myself than use their tool. Reviewed By Ella Lewis on 11 Feb, Donâ€™t believe this flashy web site. They charged me tons of of bucks however delivered an project full of grammatical errors. While placing the order, they promised me that the options can be delivered after an intensive grammar examine. We have an excellent group of analysis paper writers who are pleased to manage the complete process for you from start to finish. One of the toughest assignments is writing a research paper. Another choice to offer is Western Union, which is fabulous for you as a result of there is no possible means the client can take again the money. However, there are fees incurred when utilizing Western Union, so clients may be hesitant to make use of it; when you supply a discount to offset the fees, although, they could be more inclined to go that route. This could be particularly good when the project is huge and the deadline is tight â€" there's an extra measure of safety there for you as the writer. High school and college arenâ€™t as glamorous as they are made out to be. Students are often pressed for time as they juggle with a number of assignments, initiatives, and exams. The customer support staff advised me that in case of any discrepancies I would get one hundred% refund. Please avoid this project writing service. Reviewed By Unavailable on 15 Jun, The plagiarism checker on the Edubirdie web site is defective guys! Their free on-line plagiarism detector doesnâ€™t generate a report or present p.c of plagiarism. The software promises enhancing and proofreading companies too however delivers none in reality. I did not even have enough time for making an attempt another web site. Writing 1,500 phrases will take about 37.5 minutes for the average writer typing on a keyboard and 1.three hours for handwriting. From finding the proper subject and doing in-depth analysis to writing the paper and modifying it - analysis paper writing is comprehensive and calls for lots of time. Our group consists of writers who've skilled degrees similar to Masters and PhDs. However, if the content needs to include in-depth research, hyperlinks, citations, or graphics such as for a blog article or high school essay, the length can grow to five hours. You might need particular necessities in your essay paper writing task. Whether itâ€™s a specific topic, formatting pointers or another specification - our staff is extremely versatile to handle various instructions. However, they gave me one task well beyond the deadline and told that the opposite two tasks could be delayed due to the unavailability of the writers. Reviewed By Eva Challender on 17 Aug, Edubirdie charged me $30 a page for getting a premium author. Reviewed By Charlie McGuire on 11 Feb, The paraphrase checker of EduBirdie.com took endlessly to paraphrase my texts. I had to await at least 30 minutes to get 1200 phrases paraphrased. The time wouldnâ€™t have been a factor if the results have been good. They hail from leading universities throughout the US, UK, and Australia. Apart from being topic-matter consultants, in addition they possess an exemplary command over the English language.

Wednesday, September 2, 2020

Tips On How To Write An Admission Essay Perfectly

Tips On How To Write An Admission Essay Perfectly For those collaborative projects, create checklists to share with fellow college students, too. This free app is offered to both Android and iOS users and permits you to sync along with your phone, tablet and computer. Track more than simply homework with this free app, which is on the market to obtain on iPhone, Android, Windows eight and Windows Phone. My Study Life is each a calendar and to-do list â€" plus it stores data within the cloud and lets you sync with different devices. It supports weekly and daily rotation schedules and lets you specify how a lot of a task is completed (if youâ€™re not completely able to verify something off your virtual to-do list). A dashboard offers you an summary of your entire day and even highlights if an incomplete task is due quickly. It has reminders so that you receivedâ€™t lose observe of a take a look at or project. The secret is that when you skip your relationship now, then it is going to be only harder to find time for engaged on it later whenever you begin working and building your career. If you already discovered the individual you like then try to do your finest to build profitable relationships. Read some books, suppose lots, spend time together with your beloved and do every thing you need to do to make it work. With a beloved and loving partner, it's much easier to set a objective and wealthy it on the way of changing into successful person. to reinforce your subject data;to cite references for ideas and numerical knowledge included;to paraphrase the content, according to your college's academic integrity policy. This is the most typical question college students have and rightly so. Well, thatâ€™s what Writers Per Hour is right here for - to lighten your workload so you can care for different essential tutorial matters. If you donâ€™t love what youâ€™re writing, nobody else will, either. Any.Do is among the ultimate to-do apps for adults, so why not use it as a pupil? If you work for a good company, expect to earn about 30%-forty% per web page what they charge the clients. That often comes out to between $10.00 and $15.00 per page. Track assignments, courses, tests and tasks with the myHomework Student Planner, out there for all device operating methods. You can set the app as much as receive due date reminders, as properly. Download the essential model free of charge or buy the premium app for $4.99 per year for extra options, themes, file attachments, exterior calendar access and more. Students can enter their assignments, then kind by due date, priority, class and whether or not or not an project is full. Available for iPhone, Class Manager enables you to set reminders of when homework is due and get homework assist in things like chemistry and math. Weekly, monthly and listing views are provided for class schedules and assignments â€" so youâ€™re capable of customize the view depending on how you like to see your schedule. Note taking is a giant a part of the day-to-day lifetime of a scholar, especially older kids. With Evernote, kids can take notes, then organize, store and even share them with others. Keep observe of duties, lists and reminders in a single app, which boasts having a easy design. With Any.Do â€" obtainable for Android, iPhone and extra â€" students can share lists, which might be a fantastic software for class projects and to track accountability for others engaged on said initiatives. Need to verify your older child picks her sister up from soccer practice? Another way to set the rate of pay is to charge more for projects that are due in a short while. These â€œrush jobsâ€ are usually priced larger than non-rush jobs, for obvious reasons. While you donâ€™t want to take advantage of a clientâ€™s panic or desperation, the reality is that they may normally be prepared to pay more if time is brief. For that matter, you need to be paid more as well, since you'll most probably should juggle some things or pull an all-nighter to make it occur. Generally, rush jobs are priced at $1.00 to $three.00 extra per page, relying upon simply how tight the deadline is . If you're employed for a company, your rate of pay will be set by the corporate if you are thought of an worker. However, should you bid on tasks, donâ€™t anticipate a fantastic deal extra freedom, especially at first.

How To Become A Pro At Essay Writing In 6 Easy Steps

How To Become A Pro At Essay Writing In 6 Easy Steps Writing essays may be powerful for a person, particularly when one doesn't have correct command of the English language. Custom essay service might help you write your essays for cheap. Professional writers of service supplier possess all necessary skills to write down an effective essay which persuades the audiences. A authorities loan and aunts and uncles helped her pay for college. But she also worked, touchdown in an office of 10 writers completing other individualsâ€™s assignments, including those of American college students. The writing starting from the final introduction and essay writing servicefinishes after touching all of the specifics of a composition. The most important concern of writing the descriptive essay so to supply the minor details of a specific topic to the reader. Students are generally careworn over quite a few duties simultaneously. Teachers couldn't care less if the scholar has sufficient probability to take care of numerous errands on the identical time or not. In fact, to do it on a big scale might require wholesale rethinking of academic structures. But since virtually everybody agrees that there is a disaster in how we educate writing, itâ€™s clear such rethinking is desperately wanted. Beneficial writing ideas as students can get some real tips from these mentioned steps and can be nicely educated and well informed in future while making ready for an task and so forth. Get free essay samples and guarantee your order is prepared on time. Our web site is a unique platform where college students can share their papers in a matter of giving an example of the work to be accomplished. Those shared essays symbolize an enormous variety of topics, topics and formatting styles. They are a bunch of help for these, who're lost in research, creating an outline, choosing the type of writing, and so forth. If you find papers matching your subject, you might use them only as an example of labor. This essay writing kind is mainly written in any argument. The entire essay includes an occasion for any topic. The narrative essay is another purest and Classic type of essay writing. Youâ€™ll be calm to know that your professor has no method of discovering out that you received a university essay writer to help you with the content. When you select our service, we'll shield your personal information. Moreover, youâ€™ll give us details about your point of view, so weâ€™ll ensure to convey you through the content material. You can even select between different high quality levels, so that youâ€™ll ship an essay thatâ€™s close, however better when in comparison with the work your instructor is used to seeing from you. The main dilemma of writing these essays would be to catch the eye of the reader in the direction of the final occurring, or and occasion. The essay writer touches every one of the factors evenly and provides them at a mannered way earlier than people. It is essentially the most simples and natural kind Of essay writing. In this type of writing, the author simply refers to a specific thing. It could include the person, state of affairs and any specific object. Over-burden of duties direct students to take assist from online administrations. Along these lines, it's something however an impractical notion to get in touch with them and discover assist from proficient writers. Our school essay experts go through a rigorous choice process that evaluates their writing abilities and knowledge of faculty admissions. Thanks to the faculty essay author you rent at our website, youâ€™ll finally understand how tutorial writing works. So donâ€™t be nervous about legal and moral issues. This essay writing includes a basic discussion on a single topic. The complete body of the subject strikes across the story. The boss stayed up all night time, bidding for work on a number of websites, after which farmed it out in the morning. Some of the websites function like eBay, with patrons and sellers bidding on particular assignments. Others function like Uber, pairing desperate students with out there writers. Either means, the identities and locations of both the writers and the students are masked from view, as are the universities the assignments are for. Mary Mbugua, a Kenyan university scholar, working at her laptop. You could not submit downloaded papers as your personal, that's cheating. Also you should bear in mind, that this work was alredy submitted once by a student who originally wrote it. Like many new prospects, you may want to study why we're thought of the best essay writing service. In different words, we believe in asking students to write down the kinds of essays we write ourselves -- and in giving students the tools to try this. With all of the free papers on-line, youâ€™re probably wondering why you must use our web site and never another. Well, weâ€™ve left no stone unturned in ensuring you get dependable services whereas on our web site. What are the possibilities of writing a persuasive paper should you donâ€™t understand the subject of discussion or what your trainer requires you to do? With a platform that provides you entry to free essay download, youâ€™re in a better place to write an incredible essay. The examples won't solely offer you a clear thought of what sort of construction to follow but in addition how finest to approach the task.

Friday, August 28, 2020

Essaypro

Essaypro They will ensure that each â€˜help with my essayâ€™ request you could have will be met professionally. Worried that you should ship your essay inside six hours? Some college students begin earning their first cash throughout education process. Very often in such instances, there's a lack of time for making ready an excellent work. If you wish to get one of the best mark, and be sure that your essay relies on reliable sources, school essay writer is here to help. We all the time attempt to meet all studentsâ€™ necessities; your good results are our objective! If customer orders to write faculty essay, we will use the most effective sources. Entering a college is very important part in your life. In addition, we verify each paper for plagiarism earlier than sending it to our customers. This way we're sure the paper is authentic and unique. Our writers start working immediately when â€˜assist me with my essayâ€™ order lands in the system. To velocity up the process, they make use of all internal sources potential. We know well that it may be exhausting sufficient so that you can write an essay in a number of days. Thatâ€™s why we provide college essay assist, which is your finest way to get an excellent essay for affordable prices. College Writing Service has 24/7 buyer help, you'll be able to contact us by cellphone or chat, every time it's handy for you. Our service supplies writing essay on any subject, relying on the needs of your faculty and the person necessities of the college teachers. You can be sure about getting the most effective faculty essay, written by our professionals. You do not need to battle together with your essay or research paper anymore. Writer Help will ship a wonderfully written paper by the deadline to you. The deadline is shut and you still have no idea tips on how to write your essay, research, or article review? With us, you will get a well-researched and professionally prepared paper overnight and even inside eight hours if you are pressed for time. You can get your order done in just three hours and forget about time stress. We have writers available 24/7 that will help you with any urgent paper any time you need. As a result, the client receives a fantastic work within the shortest possible timeframe. Our essay help service is exceptionally diligent in relation to high quality requirements and legitimacy. We have been working efficiently for five years now, cultivating a popularity of a completely legit and reliable writing service. Our shoppers know that they can be sure they may obtain a excessive-quality paper prepared by skilled writers working for a completely legit company. Their order will be one hundred% unique and authentic, as well as properly referenced and formatted. We assure zero plagiarism stage for every paper we put together. Websites like EssayHub present students with entry to a large pool of samples, sources, tutorial writing requirements at no cost. Along with it, the company certainly provides companies of writing, enhancing, and proofreading completely to help students. Every essay helper assigned to your order is an business professional and a qualified creator of academic papers. Our helpers' team consists of native speakers of English with Masters and/or Ph.D. degrees in different fields. If you've chosen the dreamed faculty, itâ€™s time to write down the application essay. You perceive that your school enrollment largely is determined by the quality of the essay, which is why we can supply to write down faculty entrance essay for you.

Wednesday, August 26, 2020

The Four Major Types Of Essays

The Four Major Types Of Essays Takes a optimistic method and rewards you when you write. For each one hundred phrases you write, youget to take a look at photos of cute little cats. If that isnâ€™t motivation to work on and finish your essay, I donâ€™t know what is. The best way to know your per page word count can be to take a look at past pages and count the variety of words you write for every page. itâ€™s time consuming, however any other estimate is certain not to be correct because itâ€™s so dependent on your handwriting. Learning how to write an essay is crucial to admissions and scholarship choices. , TrustMyPaper defends its title of one of the best paper writing firm. If you're given a writing task with a page quantity, the most effective thing to do is go on to the one that made the assignment and ask for a word depend. This will take away all of the variations and help ensure your writing project meets expectations. If itâ€™s for something informal and also you merely need a basic guideline, yow will discover it beneath. Now that you have developed your thesis and the overall physique of your essay, you have to write an introduction. Writers Per Hour is going to assist make analysis paper writing a breeze. If youâ€™re looking for someone to write down a research paper, donâ€™t worry - youâ€™re in luck. So, when you have your ultimate paper due and are saying, â€œget someone else to put in writing my paperâ€ or â€œI wish to pay someone to do my paperâ€, you can trust us with it wholeheartedly. I even have a writing project at school, and it's always helpful to know how many pages I will want. I suppose that since academics donâ€™t give page assignments however solely word depend assignments, itâ€™s difficult to think about how many pages that shall be. Do you know what fonts have the widest spacing so that they replenish the web page more shortly? I must discover a wide font so I donâ€™t have to write down as many phrases to replenish the pages on my assignment. If you possibly can ship me within the course of one of the best wide font to do this, that would be nice. The introduction ought to appeal to the readerâ€™s consideration and show the focus of your essay. You can use shocking info, dialogue, a narrative, a quote, or a easy abstract of your subject. Whichever angle you select, make sure that it ties in with your thesis statement, which shall be included because the last sentence of your introduction.6. The answer is one web page single spaced or two pages double spaced. Now, depending on how you have setup your doc your web page rely might vary slightly, but with Arial or Times New Roman 12 point font and traditional margins you should see related outcomes. 500 word essays are very common all through middle and high school English curriculums, particularly as guide stories, or summaries of current occasions. You can simply examine web page rely in word processors like Microsoft Word and Google Docs, however for a fast reference use our table under. This would rely heavily on how big/small you write. itâ€™s like completely different fonts take up different quantity of house on a page, so does your specific handwriting. When youwrite an essaymost of the time you need to embody resources. Not only do these sources make your opinions and arguments stronger, but in addition they present that you've got accomplished some analysis. We guarantee to deliver custom papers that are unique and a hundred% plagiarism free, written from scratch to satisfy you necessities and deadlines. Alternatively, when you just need assistance finding a topic or editing your work, we are able to additionally help you with that. Whenever you ask a query, someone is there to answer it immediately. This is a superb guide, however individuals must be conscious that these are just estimates. For example, I am at present writing a paper and have 5,000 words, but solely 17 pages . Things like paragraph measurement and headers need to be taken into account as properly.

The Four Major Types Of Essays

Sunday, June 7, 2020

4 Scholarship Myths That Lead to Student Loans (And How to Overcome Them)

Paying for college is only getting more and more challenging over time. With tuition and costs increasing at a rate much higher than inflation, its nearly impossible for families to be able to afford it on their own especially with multiple students. This leads to students borrowing huge amounts of money and signing up for the student debt sentence.But what if I told you there is an alternative? What if I said that it was scholarships? For many families, they already have their arguments ready to go when I say this because they have heard the many myths that all of us have heard on why its impossible to actually secure scholarships.Today, I am going to bust some of those myths so that you can focus on finding debt-free money, including scholarships.Myth 1. You have to cure cancer in order to win a scholarship.Many students and parents believe that if they didnt cure cancer, there is no way they could compete for a scholarship. First, no one has cured cancer yet and there are billion s of dollars given away each year. Secondly, I promise you that I didnt cure cancer, but I still managed to get a free ride. That is because, while the competition is getting tougher and tougher each year, scholarship committees are still realistic (and very much amazed) at what a typical student accomplishes. Believing this myth will only hold you back from potential tens of thousands of dollars in debt-free money.How can you overcome this myth? Learn how to sell what you have accomplished! Cut yourself some slack I am sure you have done something selfless, impactful, genuine, caring, courageous, thought-provoking, and/or any other buzz word you could think of. Its just a matter of being able to sell it in an essay. Does this take time? Yes. But once you get it down, its a piece of delicious, fruitful (and I dont mean the food) cake.Myth 2. Each scholarship requires a new essay.Building off my latest point of once you get it down, its a piece of delicious, fruit cake, what I mean is that once you learn how to sell your accomplishments and build up your pocket full of solid essays, you can reuse them. They will require some tweaking here and there but I had a few great essays that I used over and over for at least 2-3 years. Yes, you can do that! Also, with my simple 3-step process on how to write creative, reusable essays, you can make these in as little as an hour.But beware: you wont want essays thrown in the trash! Check out our article on how to avoid that:Related article on writing strong essays:MAKE SCHOLARSHIP ESSAYS STAND OUT BY AVOIDING THESE 4 CLICHSYou can also grab your free essay writing guide to learn my 3-step essay-writing methodDownload our free 3-step SCHOLARSHIP ESSAY writing guide BELOWMyth 3. You dont need someone else to proofread your essay.Writing essays isnt always easy. Proofreading them can be even harder especially if youve been staring at it for a few hours. Its easy to overlook mistakes, typos, missing words, etc. when you can pretty much recite it from memory at this point. The only way around this is to have someone else take a look. It doesnt have to be a professor or teacher (see my next point), but it should be someone who has experience in writing and that you trust. I was fortunate enough to have an excellent teacher that helped me even after I graduated high school (yes, you dont stop applying in high school which I cover more on in the free online workshop) but just make sure you have at least one other person take a look.Also, if you tweak an essay that has already been reviewed, this still applies! Actually, tweaking essays is the easiest way to create errors because while you may think it is one small change, it could misalign many different pieces of your essay.Myth 4. All teachers and professors are created equal.Last but not least, be careful who you have proofread your essay. While you may assume any teacher or professor can help, that unfortunately isnt always true. Try to find someone wh o has proofread scholarship essays before (and seen successes). A great way to go about this is to simply ask the teacher or professor if theyve ever proofread a scholarship essay as a general question. You dont have to say that you are applying, just scope out the situation. If they say no, you can kindly move on or ask them to take a look as a secondary resource. You should still try to find someone with experience in the area first.While I wish these were the only myths out there, they arent. I cover an additional 4 in my online 1-hour workshop. If you want to learn about the entire scholarship process including writing strong, creative and reuseable essays as well as the other myths, grab your spot today at thescholarshipsystem.com/free-webinarhf!Claim Your Spot to the Webinar Now! Jocelyn is a best-selling author, public speaker, and founder of The Scholarship System, an online platform to help students and families fund college with scholarships and other free money. To join h er free online workshop that was mentioned, grab your spot at https://thescholarshipsystem.com/free-webinarhf.Originally featured on The Huffington Post.

Sunday, May 17, 2020

The Inferno Dantes Personal Journey Through Hell

In the text, The Divine Comedy by Dante, the Inferno focuses on DanteÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s personal journey through hell. Throughout DanteÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s journey, he goes through the nine circles of hell. Dante was exposed to a lot of things that heÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s never encountered such as limbo, lust, gluttony, greed, anger, and much more. These topics of the Inferno all correlate to my life as nursing student. I wouldnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t like to compare something that I am passionate about, however the process of becoming a nurse is very stressful. Dante finds himself wandering alone in a dark forest, wandering into a fearful place. Above, he sees a great hill that seems to offer him protection. As Dante climbs to the light, he encounters three angry beasts- a leopard, a lion, and a she-wolf whichÃ¢â‚¬ ¦show more contentÃ¢â‚¬ ¦These strong winds stood for the restlessness of a person who functions for the desire of fleshly pleasures (Canto II). Unfortunately, this circle relates not only to nursing students, but to students who attend and live on school as well. Regardless, of there being RAÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s in the dorms, individuals will still find the desire to lust rather than studying or finishing their assignments. Gladly, I am a commuter therefore this does not apply to myself but as IÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ve witnessed other students doing so. When reaching the Third Circle of Hell, Dante and Virgil find gluttonous souls who are punished by being forced to lie in vile dirt that is made by never-ending icy rain. The vile dirt represents the overindulging of food and drinking throughout their lives. These souls are overlooked by a worm monster known as Cerberus. Gluttony, is sadly very prominent in the nursing life due to poor eating habits, late night snacking while studying and drinking a lot of caffeinated drinks with sugar. Not only, is this a major issue in the nursing student life while studying but also during clinical. Instead of taking breaks to nourish oneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s self, nursing students push themsel ves to work thus leading them to over indulge once finishing a shift. This is how gluttony plays a major role in the life of a nursing student. Reaching the Fourth Circle of Hell, Dante and Virgil encounter the souls of people who are punished for greed. ThisShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Dante Alighieri s Inferno 1556 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesThe title of the reading that I chose to do a literary analysis on is Inferno by Dante Alighieri. What was this book about and what message does this particular ancient poem aim to explain? This epic poem was written in the fourteenth century and there were a lot of commentary involved in the story itself. DanteÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Inferno is widely seen as one of the greatest epics to ever grace textbooks. The text itself throughout this story speaks much to the concept of life and death and what the afterlife isRead MoreEssay on A few words on Dantes Inferno1063 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesFew Words on DanteÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Infernonbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Like in the Inferno, where the gates of Hell begin the journey to the bottom, so life is began by birth, and the journey to Eternity begins. Some lives are more easily lead than others, like some of the punishments in DanteÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s version of Hell are worse than others. Although in Hell, there is no hope, not even the hope of hope, the journey that Dante and Virgil take can be compared with the journey of life. JustRead MoreThe Power Of Everyman s Journey Through Hell1249 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesThe Power of EverymanÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Journey Through Hell In religious contexts, sin is the act of violating God s will. Sin can also be viewed as Ã¢â‚¬Å"anything that violates the ideal relationship between an individual and God, leading to a period of estrangement between the twoÃ¢â‚¬ . This is not necessarily a permanent separation, but if one dies without correcting such problem, then the separation does become permanent. In order to atone for oneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s transgressions, salvation Ã¢â‚¬â€œdeliverance by redemption from the powerRead MoreThe Inferno And The Systems Theory1220 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesDanteÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Inferno is an allegorical tale that reflects a tumultuous time in Florence. The Inferno reflects the common thinking of religion and Christianity at the time and through examination of both the Inferno and the systems theory, a better understanding of life in Florence, at that time, can be better comprehended. The systems theory is a model that explores the intertwined aspects of a given civilization. DanteÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Inferno details aspects of the systems theory that can be used to better understandRead MoreComparing Dante s Inferno And Virgil s The Aeneid1016 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesThere are many similarities between DanteÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s The Inferno and VirgilÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s The Aeneid, be it their characterizations or descriptive imagery, but foremost in their ideas of what the afterlife consisted of. Each each epic hero in the works here have descended in to the depths of hell, with The Inferno depicting DanteÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s descent into the depths of hell and with Virgil in Book VI of The Aeneid depicting AeneasÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s decent into hell. It can be argued that although different, the knowledge acquired by each characterÃ¢â‚¬â„¢sRead MoreAnalysis Of Dante s The Inferno 1689 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesJourneys can be taken many ways. Some people take the path less traveled and some people take the easy way out. Dante happens to be on journey that is less traveled, by exploring the depths of Hell in the Inferno. The epic poe mÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s story is about self-realization and transformation. It sees Dante over coming many things to realize he is a completely different person from the start of the Inferno journey. Dante sees many things that help him gain courage in order to prove to himself and the reader thatRead MoreThe Inferno : Warning Or Threat?1385 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 Pages Warning Or Threat? The Inferno, is the first part of the trilogy within the Divine Comedy, by Dante Alighieri. The Inferno incompasses the story of DanteÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s journey through Hell to reach the path of righteousness going toward HeavenÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Gate. Across the immeasurable and extensive journey of Dante and Virgil, both together observe the punishments brought upon oneself, as a result of the sins committed by the hopeless residents of Hell. Within the novel, the severity of punishment and the disciplineRead MoreReligion In Dantes Inferno By Dante Alighieri And Song Of Roland1502 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 Pagessuperhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods. Religion is also known as a particular system of faith and worship. In this paper, I will be discussing how important religion is in two works respectively. The two works that I have chosen is, Inferno by Dante Alighieri and Song of Roland by Unknown author. The pursuit or interest to which both of the main characters ascribed to as supreme importance is Jesus Christ of Nazareth through Christianity. Christianity is based on theRead More Analysis of Robert Frosts Fire and Ice Essay1087 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 Pagesclosely mirrors the tale of Dantes Inferno. The Inferno is Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ the first part of Dante Alighieris poem, the Divine Comedy, which Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ chronicles Dantes journey to God, and is made up of The Inferno (Hell), Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Purgatorio (Purgatory), and Paradiso (Paradise).Ã‚ In The Inferno, Dante Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ begins his journey on the surface of the Earth, guided by the Roman epic Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ poet Virgil, and spirals his way downward through the nine rings of Hell.Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Read MoreEssay on The Allegory of the Cave and Dante1251 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 Pagesthe poet Dante Alighieri, writer of The Inferno in the 1300s, because it asserts the need to establish oneself as a contributor to society. Indeed, DanteÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s work contributes much to Renaissance Italy as his work is the first of its scope and size to be written in the vernacular. Due to its readability and availability, The Inferno is a nationalistic symbol. With this widespread availability also comes a certain social responsibility; even though DanteÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s audience would have been familiar with the

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The 2004 Movie Drama Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Crash Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Is Directed By Paul Haggis,

The 2004 movie drama Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Crash Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ is directed by Paul Haggis, and it has a tremendous impact on human diversity. The movie addresses the problems that occur in todayÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s society such as: prejudice, racism, discrimination, racial profiling and stereotyping. The film explores the issues of social perceptions and how it can play a role in how one will perceive others. Usually when this happens there is no way of changing their minds about the individual(s). This type of behavior is common in society when people prejudge others. In the movie, it will focus on how people make assumptions about individuals without actually knowing them. The characters in the movie clearly made it a point of making all types of assumptions about the individuals theyÃ¢â‚¬ ¦show more contentÃ¢â‚¬ ¦The film starts off with a car accident which goes back to yesterday. An Iranian male tries to purchase bullets from the gun owner when the gun owner begins to make racist comments towards the man w hich upsets him and things begin to escalate. Two young maleÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s leaves a restaurant because they feel as though they were not treated fairly due to their race. As they leave the restaurant they try to analyze the situation, when a white couple walks in their direction. The woman feels threatened by the males and clinches her purse. The male notice the womanÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s reaction and they carjacks the coupleÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s vehicle. In the mist of things they did not realize that they had hit a Korean man. The couple has their home locks changed and the locksmith happens to be a Hispanic male that has a shaved head and tattoos. Judging by his appearance the woman makes comments like Ã¢â‚¬Å"he is a gangbangerÃ¢â‚¬ and wants to have the locks changed again because she does not trust him. An officer pulls over a vehicle driven by a black couple that does not fit the description of the carjacking. The officer uses his authority and begins to harass the couple; he begins to sexually fondle the woman. The woman was scared, upset and felt violated because her husband did not protect her in a way that he should of. Meanwhile, the officerÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s partner is disgusted by how his partner treats the couple.Show MoreRelatedFinal Film Critique: Crash (2004)2178 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 9 PagesFinal Film Critique: Crash (2004) Jay Dennis ENG 225 Introduction to Film Instructor: Cicely Young April 13, 2014 Final Film Critique Draft: Crash (2004) There are many different critical elements and artistic aspects to examine when analyzing and critiquing any film. In 2004 Paul Haggis wrote and directed the award winning drama Crash about various intertwining experiences involving racial relations and the socioeconomic status levels of the diverse cast of characters. This film addressesRead MoreMovie Analysis : Crash 1853 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 8 Pages GENRE I RACE IN THE FILM CRASH DEPARTMENT OF FILM AND CREATIVE WRITING INTRODUCTION TO FILM STUDIES B MODULE CODE: 09 24802 STUDENT ID: 1613440 MICHELE AARON UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM 1. Introduction This paper is a critical analysis of the American film Crash, directed by Paul Haggis which was performed for the first time in 2004. This essay will therefore deal with Gender I and Race, two of the approaches discussed in the subject Introduction to Film Studies B in the secondRead MoreCrash : Film Co Directed And Produced By Paul Haggis1580 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesCrash is a 2004 ensemble drama film co-written, directed, and produced by Paul Haggis. The film focuses on stereotypical, racial and social tensions in Los Angeles, California. It connects stories based on coincidence, fortuitousness, and luck, as the lives of the characters crash against one another. The movie revolves around the feelings of prejudice and antipathy most people have against members of other groups, and observes the consequences of those feelings. The movie demonstrates the livesRead MoreRacial Stereotype Proposal : Racial Stereotypes1458 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesSean Ly Trista Martin LA202-OL4 April 26, 2015 Proposal Essay Racial Stereotype Proposal Media has become the key source of entertainment in United States especially on the sector of movie production. Most United States movies have some type of involvement with racial stereotype on specific ethnic groups. United States movies usually portray the negative side of African-Americans in all their movies. This is a huge problem to the society of United States especially black Americans. The presentationRead MoreRacism And Its Impact On Society Essay1866 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 8 Pagesworks, or art used to express opinions and emotions, it is used to describe anything from creative writing to more technical or scientific works. The term is most commonly used to refer to works of the creative imagination, including works of poetry, drama, fiction, and nonfiction (Ã¢â‚¬Å"LiteratureÃ¢â‚¬ ). Literature represents a language, people, culture and tradition, and it is more important than just a historical and cultural artifacts (Ã¢â‚¬Å"LiteratureÃ¢â‚¬ ).We learn through books, we enjoy the comedies and the tragedies

Educational Research on Mathematics

Question: Describe about the Educational Research on Mathematics. Answer: Week 2 Theme Why Maths Matters: Illustrating importance of mathematics for people of all demographics and dispelling myths Evidence https://research.acer.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1016context=learning_processes The above article resource investigates the perceptions of school students regarding maths mathematical tasks and how mathematics teachers can play a vital role in making students dispel any misconceptions regarding the subject and instead develop considerable interest and enthusiasm. The above article was written by Professor Sarah Buckley of the Australian Council for Educational Research and primarily focuses on the anxiety experienced by students as a result of any mathematics related work. Rationale This resource points out the particular nervous sensation of anxiety which is felt by almost every school student when faced with mathematical tasks. As emotions are a vital part of the learning process, this article dwells into the various psychological disturbances felt by students, the underlying neurological phenomena that occur as a result and investigates the causes along with providing remedial action. The article also give a mention regarding the usage of advanced medical technologies like functional magnetic resonant imaging of the brain to analyse brain activities during maths anxiety that may help root out all these negative aspects. Discussions are also given about various educational and certain social myths that are associated with students mathematical ability, that are the main reasons behind feelings of maths anxiety among students. Additional myths like how girls are not expected to be good at maths and that maths are primarily important for students of technical t echnological fields are also mentioned. Application The article is quite useful in pinpointing some underlying factors that creates anxiety and terror amongst students when they face mathematical work. Private discussions can be held with those students who experience the largest levels of anxiety. They can be counselled to be strong and brave enough to face any mathematical work without hesitation. Parents can be advised to support their children regarding their nervousness towards maths, instead of rebuking them. The myths that students have regarding mathematics can be removed by showing them instances of application of maths in many non technical fields. Any and all negative school community beliefs regarding maths occurs amongst students and mainly in classrooms of the high schools, which cause decline in the academic motivation of many students. Students can thus be encouraged to hold positive discussions and encourage them to arrange unique mathematical problem solving friendly competitions amongst themselves. The exact factors that cause the formation of maths anxiety in students can be addressed/. Students mainly feel nervousness because of their lack of confidence in solving maths problems as almost all maths problems have just one correct answer. Students feel tensed and anxious because of the compulsion to find out the absolute correct answer. This particular aspect can be discussed with them, and advice can be given that it is absolutely normal to make mistakes as long as that mistake teaches something and helps in the overall learning process. (Sarah, 2013) Week 7 Theme Maths in Real World: How mathematics is interwoven in almost all everyday activities in the real world Resource https://www.sfu.ca/~rpyke/Modelling.pdf This resource illustrates several applications of mathematics that pertain to real life situations and incidences. The steps that are required to effectively and logically solve a real life problem using mathematical techniques are shown here. Several examples have been given and detailed step by step descriptions of all the mathematical solutions are shown clearly. In addition, diagrams and proper images are given that lucidly explain the associated concepts and the processes that are used to mathematically solve the real life problems. This article is aimed at facilitating the mathematical learning experience of students aged 15 to 18. Rationale This article is a clear cut presentation that clearly shows how mathematical tools and techniques are used utilized to solve day to day real life problems. Steps required to logically solve problems are properly given. The given procedures show how a word problem that describes some real world event are divide into a number of steps , that help in attaining the required solution quickly and efficiently. Linear programming and operational research techniques are described in a very simple manner using a real life example of a furniture manufacturing company. The method of explanation is very simple and clear, and it is possible for nay school student to understand it without any significant effort on their part. The article emphasizes the usage and application of simple logic on the part of the students to solve the problems and adequate help guidance regarding the steps that are require to be followed are all given in the document. Application Several unique problems are given in the above article and they have real life applications. The first problem deals with finding the profit gained by a furniture manufacturing company; how the company manufactures pieces of wood that have individual pricings and in what way they should assimilate all the various parts so as to make a considerable profit. Relations and equations are also clearly given, and if properly taught and explained to students, they can analyse and understand how mathematics and associated tools can be effectively utilized in solving day to day problems. The situation mentioned in the resource is a typical real life situation and students can gain useful insights on how mathematics is involved and interwoven in every real life situation. Formation of mathematical modelling using data, algorithm and variables is very clearly mentioned in an absolutely uncomplicated way, and this will also help students learn the process of creating effective maths modelling sys tems to obtain solutions related to any mathematical or technical problem. Selection of variables and how to appropriately modify them in order to obtain correct solutions can be shown. Furthermore, behaviour of the variables is very logically and simply shown using the basics of coordinate geometry, such a straight lines that represent linear equations in a two dimensional frame. All of these concepts are well within the scope of a high school student and hence they will find it quite easy to analyse and understand the given real life mathematical problems in the article. ("Using Mathematics to Solve Real World Problems", 2010) Week8Theme Maths and early childhood: Techniques that can be used to inspire mathematical learning in young children Resource https://www.esev.ipv.pt/mat1ciclo/DISCUSS%C3%95ES/Picture%20books.pdf The above article puts forth the technique of using picture boos to stimulate and encourage young children about mathematics and how this will in turn enhance the confidence of the children regarding the subject and any kind of mathematical or technical problem solving tasks in the present and the future. The article is written by Marja van den Heuvel-Panhuizen of the Utrecht University of The Netherlands and Humboldt University of Germany, Sylvia van den Boogard of the Utrecht University of The Netherlands and Brain Doig of Deakin University. This is an example of a planned day experience. Rationale This article effectively describes the experiences and observations of the writers regarding the usage of picture and illustrations books that help in encouraging young children of ages five to six to learn more about mathematics. Analysis done shows how these types of books can help the young children to explore in depth the various types and sections of the branch of mathematics. Through mathematical picture books students can clearly understand the basic concepts of arithmetic and mathematics along with their proper application in real life. This is possible as these books illustrate and put forth several real life situations and objects that have technical and mathematical implications .A combination of literature and pictures that lucidly describe mathematical problems along with their associated solutions, helps children learn from the angles of a particular situation or context, enhancing their overall learning experience. Application This resource clearly explains the various ways how the various real life examples and contexts given picture books with appropriate literature help in giving young children an early access and lucid understanding of several mathematical rules and their applications. Children can be taught the basic concepts of geometry through the help of these books. Their mental and cognitive development will be accelerated as a result. They can be asked to differentiate between the various shape, sizes and structures of several objects. Patterns and logical resolution of problems can be taught to them through the myriad of examples given in these types of books. Literatures given I the book can also be used to teach children about any mathematical queries that they have, which in turn help them develop their own ideas and concepts regarding the solution of mathematical problems. Pictures of various things like buildings, vehicles and landscapes are usually shown in these books along with mentione d values of distances heights and lengths etc. and children can be asked to specific or general questions regarding the various distances that are covered by any particular object or road. Other illustrations like a group or flock of animals or birds can be shown to the children and questions can be asked regarding the number of animals, how they are arranged or how many are moving or gathered together or in what direction they are moving. All these examples and contexts explained in a picture book can help in stimulating the learning nature of young children and make them more interested in mathematics. (Marja, Sylvia, Brian, 2009) Week 9 Theme Maths and Primary School: How primary schools should modify maths learning in schools Resource https://www.into.ie/ROI/Publications/MathsPrimarySchool.pdf This resource portrays certain methods through primary school children can get to love mathematics as a subject and gain a better understanding of mathematical tools and techniques that will in turn develop their logic level and problem solving levels. This article is written by the Irish National Teachers Organisation, and aims at improving the learning experience of primary school students with respect to mathematics. A survey shows the effectiveness of the methods given in the article. Rationale This article emphasizes on the importance of mathematics in the daily teaching curriculum of schools. Teachers have been asked to link mathematics to any aspect of the students environment and their own experiences. At the same time, teachers have been asked to encourage students to think logically and relate everyday experiences and activities to the mathematical world. A proper division of the mathematics curriculum structure is given in this resource, where the whole curriculum has been divided into several individual subjects such as numbers, algebra, shapes and spaces, measurements and data collection with associated analysis. Means if assessing the level or amount of a particular students mathematical learning have also been mentioned. In addition, several alternative and unconventional approaches to mathematics learning have been mentioned along with their key focuses and assessment methods. Surveys results have also been given that indicate the impacts and implications of the changes in the learning experiences on students and their learning processes. Application An effective learning experience can be achieved with the proper and perfect application of all the mentioned changes and modifications of the mathematical curriculum. Students can be taught in accordance to the various sub modules of the modified curriculum. They can be instructed to focus on their mental aptitude and ability to solve problems in a quick manner without any mistakes rather than perform lengthy written calculations with pen and paper. Recordings can be done to help students better understand the process of mental maths. They can also better learn patterns and understand certain mathematical and algebraic sequences when they are taught in these types of modulated teaching methods, which put emphasis on systematic and individualistic teaching of each branch of mathematics. Spatial awareness and real life applications of shapes, sizes and geometrics can be improved through effective integration of a geometric sub module to this teaching procedure. Data analysis by observ ing graphical representations of equations and relations is another important aspect of this particular teaching method that will help better the learning experience of students. Students will be able to better evaluate measure and interpret real life mathematical models and this will assist their ability to relate and link theories with practical applications. (John, 2006) Week 10Theme Maths and Learning Environment: How certain learning environments can help stimulate students to actively learn mathematics Resource https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/413379/Good_practice_in_primary_mathematics.pdf This article illustrates the various types of learning environments that can be created to help young children learn actively and get enthused about mathematics. This is British government article that show how practical situations can be introduced safely in eth classroom or teaching area that will help young children to learn more about numbers, mathematical and arithmetical tools and techniques. These teaching methods, if practiced, can provide young children with a very beneficial learning experience. Rationale This article shows the practical and hands on experiences are critical in helping the development of logical and deductive way of thinking and helps in all round mental development of young children. The teaching practices and procedures mentioned in this resource are collected from a wide variety of reputed schools spread all over the United Kingdom. And several useful and key findings have been summarised, that will help a teacher to understand and find out means to better the immediate learning environment of schools. The methods that can be useful to develop the mental capabilities of students and help them in developing fluency in mental calculation methods and help them one problem with several correlated problems through efficient deduction and induction. Applicatio Several methods that can be used to improve the learning environments of students are given. Practical situations and objects can be introduced in the classroom. Children can be taken out into outdoor areas. Games using numbers can be used to teach children regarding several mathematical concepts. The methods also show how students can be taken to markets and bazaars to interact with shop keepers who can teach them about the mathematical calculations that they deal with daily. New ways to solve certain mathematical problems can be taught to the students. Alternative techniques to performing addition, subtraction, multiplication and division can also be taught to the students by putting forth real life concepts and contexts in front of them, through the environment. ("Good practice in primary mathematics: evidence from 20 successful schools", 2011) Week 11 ICT in Maths: How ICT can be used to create new modalities in maths Resource https://www.voiceofresearch.org/doc/Jun-2014/Jun-2014_8.pdf The above resource portrays how information and communication techniques can be used to open up new avenues and create new innovative techniques for mathematical education. The role of ICT has been researched in this case study and focus is mainly on the role it can play in primary mathematical education. Rationale The above article shows how digital technology and communication techniques can help in expanding the scope of learning, with primary focus on mathematics. The various electronic and digital means and how they can be effectively utilized in the mathematical educational field are explained. ICT can help in accessing a wide variety of information from various sources and thus will help in broadening the viewpoint and knowledge base of a student. At the same time, digital means are very effective in providing accurate solutions and results, the key aspect of mathematics, and thus students will be able to identify and correct their mistakes if they are allowed to learn mathematics through innovative ICT. Application As evident from the rationale given, ICT can be used in classrooms with proper supervision to help students gain a broader understanding g about any subject. With regards to mathematics, students can gain access to study materials from educational institutions from any corner of the world. They can thus gain a broader understanding of any mathematical concept, relate it to any everyday situation and also witness how contemporary students from other places are solving problems. The process of transmitting and availing information is a vital component of todays educational world. Laptops, projectors, the Internet etc. all these are very useful resources in the right hands and can help teachers motivate students to understand, deduce and logically solve problems using the various data available through information and communication technologies. (Amarnath, 2014) References Amarnath, M. (2014). Ict And Its Role In Primary Mathematics Education.Voice Of Research. Good practice in primary mathematics: evidence from 20 successful schools. (2011). John, C. (2006). Maths in Primary Schoo. Marja, v., Sylvia, v., Brian, D. (2009). Picture books stimulate the learning of mathematics. Sarah, B. (2013). Deconstructing maths anxiety: Helping students to develop a positive attitude towards learning maths. Using Mathematics to Solve Real World Problems. (2010).

Monday, April 20, 2020

Just War Theory an Example of the Topic History Essays by

Just War Theory For if a group defined by the chance of birth is persecuted, it is as though its members had not been born into the human race at all Richard Vernon Need essay sample on "Just War Theory" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The overall thesis of the article, What is Crime against Humanity, is basically analyzing the concepts of the crimes against humanity that are incorporated into international law. The article brings up questions applicable in the consideration of determining or dividing what would be considered a Just War versus that of an Unjust War. People Very Often Tell EssayLab specialists: How much do I have to pay someone to write my assignment online? Professional writers advise: Buy An Essay Which Will Lead You To Your Academic Success Please Help Me Write An Essay College Papers Online Pay People To Write Papers Essay Writing Services In developing the arguments used in this article, Vernon brings in examples from St. Augustine, the scale of wrongness as it applies to pirates at sea, along with numerous text references on the Just versus Unjust War debate. The author explains the moral differences of separation of enemies of a race or ethnicity, versus the separation of enemies of the human race or humanity. The author does consider a variety of ethical theoretical considerations and principles of the Just War debate in his writing. Vernon writes regarding the ethical justification of war while dissecting some justifications as to their individual strengths and weaknesses. The author discusses the concept of how much if any premeditation would need to be involved in setting the correctness of the Just War act on the right or wrong side of being just (Vernon, 2002, p.245). Oftentimes throughout the article I feel more questions are fed to the reader while sometimes complicating the learning process of this already complicated subject. For example, when presenting the expression crime against humanity, the author brings up that the triteness of such an expression as crimes against humanity could as well describe child abuse, or the cruel treatment of animals, or callous reductions of welfare payments to the chronically poor (Vernon, 2002, p.237). Later when providing information in regards to quantifying evil, the author begins discussing comparisons: How should we set out to compare the evil done by the Holocaust, by African slavery, and by the (near-) extermination of aboriginals in North America? If we employ a body count, then African slavery killed more people than the other two did. If we are looking at the proportion of the target group killed, then the aboriginal case is the worst. If we are looking at rates of killing per day, one might interject, the Rwanda genocide outclasses all three. If we were looking at the degree to which victims were compelled to collaborate in their own destruction (Vernon, 2002, p.238). I believe Vernon often purposely poses more questions than answers in this article. I know this can be used to motivate readers to educate themselves while forming their individual opinions on any particular subject. However, I have to say that at the current non-expert level of knowledge I have of this particular subject, I would often find this to be more confusing than helpful. By the way, the above was probably only one half of the paragraph of questions the author included in just this one area. The author did include a variety of ethical theoretical interpretations while occasionally including his own understandings along with these. For example, Vernon discussed St. Augustines beliefs in regards to horrific state acts while relating some of the information to Roman political life. Vernon divided and discussed the various categories of humanitarian crimes. In general, in one way or another, I feel the author provided empirical evidence that can pertain to the just-war debate. Through bringing in examples of others perspectives, observations and experiences, the area of empirical evidence was pretty well covered. The great majority of the evidence was borrowed from texts on this subject. For example, Vernon often quoted from The Contract of Mutual Indifference, a book written by Norman Geras (Vernon, 2002, p.244). The work attempts to present an understanding of atrocities as they relate to international and national policies and politics. One of the thoughts the author deliberates is how neither state responsibility nor community responsibility provide adequate protection for its people. One quote he included in regards to WWII was that People went to their deaths at Auschwitz or Treblinka, notwithstanding that there were some others who cared about them (Vernon, 2002, p.244). The author brings in what might be considered the larger pieces along with the less obvious evidence in discussing the Just-war debate. Vernon touches on the humanity-as-victim thesis which was introduced at Nuremberg by the French prosecuting attorney. In discussing this, the author brings up the difference of the immorality of eliminating certain races along with the different immorality of refusing to share the earth with a certain people. (I tend to see them as probably the same). Here again there were questions that one might leave more perplexed than illuminated. The question was asked, Why would humanity be devoid of meaning in the absence of diversity? (Vernon, 2002, p.240). I feel the author reaffirms the complexity of the subject, helping the reader to understand why there are so many misunderstandings and differences in opinions in the area of crimes against humanity and the debate of Just War. Vernon was successful in focusing on many important themes in the Just War debate. In fact, sometimes I felt the themes went all over the board and could have been more focused. One of the weaknesses of the article in my opinion is that the author is attempting to analyze a complex issue, and in my opinion, Vernon makes the issue even more complex rather than unraveling or solving anything through his 18 page analysis. The article was written in a very academic style. This isnt necessarily a negative in and of itself but it can limit ones potential audience of this subject who are in their earlier stages of learning the subject than he is in discussing it. I found the strengths of the article to be when the author would bring in information from outside sources. For example, because I have some personal interests in real pirates, I found the part of the article interesting when he discussed piracy precedents and how pirates should not go unpunished simply because they operated at sea (Vernon, 2002, p.235). The material is convincing in my opinion mostly due to the outside resources Vernon used in tying up the bigger picture of the Just-war subject. A new resource is used each time he brings up a different aspect of Just and Unjust War thus providing the reader reinforced explanations for the subject. However, I do feel that the author possibly tried to cover too broad a wingspan of information here. I know as a reader I could see this information being separated and represented in even as few as three complete readings or even more by focusing on one angle at a time presented in this reading. In the end, after having read all of the information in the article, What is Crime against Humanity, I feel that the great dichotomy or oxymoron found inherently within attempting to of combine humaneness with that of war have in themselves created a confusion that neither logic nor discussion can unravel easily if at all. As for this particular piece on the subject, I honestly have to say for the most part it left me more perplexed on the subject. References Vernon, R. (2002). What is Crime against Humanity. The Journal of Political Philosophy, 10:3, 231-249

Sunday, March 15, 2020

Health Care in Southeast Asia during the 1500s Essay Example

Health Care in Southeast Asia during the 1500s Essay Example Health Care in Southeast Asia during the 1500s Paper Health Care in Southeast Asia during the 1500s Paper The use of tobacco and bindis in SE Asia are explored with regard to their medicinal, leisure and negative physiological affects in this book. Prakash and colleagues look also to past practices of the use of tobacco and other smoking sticks in this region across history to identify health consequences from a biopsychosocial viewpoint. It is clear that even during the 16th century health practitioners were aware of the life threatening consequences of the use of cigarettes; cancers of the mouth, lung, larynx, pharynx and oesophagus; diseases of the heart, circulatory system and lungs. At this time it was not recognized that if used during pregnancy, smoking in whatever its form would have adverse effects on the fetus. The authors highlight the ongoing economic, agricultural and social importance tobacco and other smoking sticks can have on a nation and individual perceptions of being. Widodo, J. (1996) The urban history of the Southeast Asian coastal cities. Retrieved Widodo evaluates socio-cultural practices of the southern part of the South China rim: Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia, which are located at the crossing point for the maritime trade between India and China in the 16th century. Going beyond the general studies which have investigated sociological institutions of this are, Widodo seeks a context to the social value placed on health and delivery of health care services. He is particularly concerned with the way in social practices such as health care changed with a globalizing world. As major cities along the coast (e.g., Tuban, Surabaya, Pattani and Malaka) became centers of the international exchange of goods and services, entreports were created. Noted is the slow adherence to western forms of medicine amongst those in the populace who were especially orthodox in their religious beliefs (i.e., Islamic, Hindu and Buddhist). Leslie, C. M. (1998) Asian Medical Systems: A Comparative Study. Madrid: Motilal Banarsidass Publications. Leslie reviews the age of commerce that existed in SE Asia during the 16th century. He emphasizes the dominance of Arabic and Islamic medicine in the region, noting that India and Pakistan were really the only nations at the time to formally record the specific scientific practices at this time which were interweaved with medicine. Arabic medicine, known as Unani, or Ã¢â‚¬Å"GreekÃ¢â‚¬ , identifies where the Arabic form of medicine was drawn from. Thus Islamic practitioners at the time took over Greek medicine when they were exposed to it at an earlier social age. However, Leslie points out that many orthodox Islamic worshippers refused to endorse this hybrid form of health care. Overall, it is reported in the book that the SE Asian region saw fierce competition amongst the medical practices of the time, with Islamic extremists choosing to adopt practices that they considered were Ã¢â‚¬Å"sanctionedÃ¢â‚¬ by The Prophet. The book also compares the coexistence of the variety of health practices at the time and the influence that large and long established populations such as those of China and India had on medical traditions that were maintained. Importantly, Leslie points out those dietary guidelines about Ã¢â‚¬Å"hotÃ¢â‚¬ and Ã¢â‚¬Å"coldÃ¢â‚¬ foods were abided by the general population to aid digestion and so exhibited social-selection of disease preventing behavior. Amrith, S.S. (2001) Decolonizing international health: India and Southeast Asia, 1930-65.

Friday, February 28, 2020

The middle east - a hotbed of conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The middle east - a hotbed of conflict - Essay Example Speaking from a truly global standpoint, Middle East has proven to be a linchpin as far as having a clear cut understanding of the Arab nations is concerned. This is because the entire Arab region is linked with severe problems left, right and center. These problems have taken place due to lack of cultural adherences, an improper infrastructure within the different nations that exist within the Middle East region, and an overall mistrust in each otherÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s issues and undertakings. It would be appropriate to state that the Middle East has become a hotbed for conflict to arise sooner rather than later. The same happens on a very proactive basis whenever the worldÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s stock prices fluctuate and whenever there are financial issues arising in the wake of the economic aspects taking place. The Middle East has been a conflict hotbed because the people, who matter the most, i.e. the governmental top heads and the like, have paid less heed towards the domains of their own people. All they have focused on is to exponentially increase their respective capitals and to double their relevant investment regimes . They have not emphasized on how bad the economic domains of their countries are or how they are coping up with the other countries within the region. A lack of a coherent strategy within the entire Middle East lays the basis for serious conflict to arise, and this is a very grave anomaly indeed.

Tuesday, February 11, 2020

Total Rewards System Proposal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Total Rewards System Proposal - Research Paper Example Due to the fact that the workers are the core of the business, the industry aims to make its collective achievement around its requirements as well as that of its workers. Ã¢â‚¬Å"By presenting the total rewards picture, employers gain the flexibility to shape the work experience in different ways at different phases in the companyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s life cycle, as well as for different segments of the employee populationÃ¢â‚¬ (Total Rewards Strategies for the 21st Century, 2012, p.6). Several industries have now begun to understand that they get improved performance from connected and engaged employees. Thus, this new insight has helped them to focus on rethinking their strategies for workers. They are introducing new methods to recognize, connect and maintain the right labor force in order to deliver plans that would entail in the overall development of the business concern. By adopting total rewards strategies, the industries are considering to make amendments in the character of work as well as expectations of workers. Managers have recognized that employee commitment affects the base line. So where reward plans have to be changed, managers are taking benefit of new tools to access improved information in order to take the most apt decisions regarding the human resource of the company. Total rewards strategy is a preparation for assigning reward resources in a way would ensure that the business achieves the organizational goals and objectives. Ã¢â‚¬Å"The eleme nts of a Total Rewards Program Ã¢â‚¬â€œ compensation, benefits, work life balance, performance & recognition and development opportunities Ã¢â‚¬â€œ create an environment in the organization which is completely focused on employee engagement. Total Rewards program elements are not mutually exclusive and results in satisfied, engaged and productive employees, who create desired business performance and resultsÃ¢â‚¬ (Total

Friday, January 31, 2020

Special Education Strategy Notebook Essay Example for Free

Special Education Strategy Notebook Essay Self monitoring is a strategy that is often used in classrooms with children who have trouble staying on task and focusing. It is a method that involves a student taking responsibility of themselves academically and behaviorally and recording when they find themselves not on task. In essence, a sheet of paper is given to a child and a noise is made at certain intervals during the class day. This noise could be something that only the specific child hears (such as in an ear piece) or it could be something that is heard by the entire class. Either way, the student who is participating in self monitoring simply puts a tally mark in a column for Ã¢â‚¬Å"on taskÃ¢â‚¬ or Ã¢â‚¬Å"off taskÃ¢â‚¬ on their sheet of paper every time the noise sounds off and at the end of the day both student and teacher can see how many times the student found him or herself off task. This helps put into perspective for the student how much he or she pays attention in a regular day and typically causes them to try harder to remain on task even more the following day. It is important that a teacher lets the student know exactly what is meant by Ã¢â‚¬Å"on taskÃ¢â‚¬ and Ã¢â‚¬Å"off taskÃ¢â‚¬ so that the student understands 100% what is expected of him or her, and it is also important that the sound itself not be distracting from the lesson. Eventually, a student can be weaned off the external cues of the sound, and will begin self monitoring without it, which is ideal. B. How do we know that self monitoring works? Put simply, we know that self monitoring works because it has been studied over and over by numerous researchers and has been proven effective at least the majority of those times. These studies confirm that this strategy helps manage students who are off task in the classroom due to various disruptive, learning related and social behaviors. Children of many ages were tested, ranging from ages as young as 4 to kids who are in high school, and the findings were consistent. In nearly all of the tests described in the article I researched, self-monitoring was said to have Ã¢â‚¬Å"decreased off task behaviors dramaticallyÃ¢â‚¬ or Ã¢â‚¬Å"decreased inappropriate behaviorsÃ¢â‚¬ or Ã¢â‚¬Å"decrease talking out behavior,Ã¢â‚¬ etc (Hallahan, D. P. Husdon, K. ). C. When should a teacher use self monitoring? As a strategy in a school setting, self monitoring typically works best for students who have problems primarily in attention. This is not a strategy that actually helps a student learn anything in particular, so the skills for learning material has to be already within a students capability but who cannot focus or remain on task long enough to apply these said skills. In laments terms, self monitoring works best when used for applying skills not when being introduced to new ones. Self monitoring can be used successfully for students with attentional tasks in really any classroom setting. It works great for Ã¢â‚¬Å"seat workÃ¢â‚¬ , when a child is assigned independent work that they must take sole responsibility for finishing but can also work in a group. Group work often has other students who keep the self monitor on task, but if this were not the case self monitoring would still be helpful. D. What does a teacher need to do to implement self monitoring? It is important that a teacher use each part of the procedure of self monitoring, including tones, recording sheets and training. Before implementing all of these procedures, a student needs to be introduced to the idea. It is imperative that a student have a good explanation of why they are required to keep record of their behavior when other students are not. A child needs to be given explicit instructions as to what he or she needs to do; this includes a description of what on task and off task are in the teacherÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s terms, what the tone or sound will be, and how often the sound will go off, etc. Once the directions have been given to the child it is also important to go over the recording sheet with him or her and give examples of what will happen during class when he or she is to be recording their behavior. Once a child seemingly understands what is expected, feedback becomes very important. If he or she gets off task, the teacher needs to correct the behavior and then move on. At the same time, if a student has very good behavior it is also important to praise that. After the student gets used to this procedure, a teacher can begin to wean him or her off having to hear the tone to monitor their behavior. This is the ideal situation because then a student simply checks himself without a reminder and will continue to do so. E. How does a teacher know if self monitoring is working? Evaluating whether this strategy is working for a particular student is very important because if it is not, then there could actually be harm coming from trying to use it. Evaluating also leaves room for modifications that could help different students at different times. The basic way to see if self monitoring is working is to simply gather data on the studentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s attention to a task before using the strategy and then compare that data with what you find after the student has begun to self monitor. To collect data before introducing self monitoring, a teacher can simply do the monitoring herself; use a tone and record the attentiveness of that child at each sound. A good practice to collect the original data would be to compare the target student and a student with average attentiveness. If the comparison shows that the level of attention seems to have improved after the strategy is implemented, it has probably worked and vice versa. F. Where can a teacher find more information on self monitoring? There are numerous ways to find out more information on self monitoring from articles, websites, books, etc. Here is a list of multiple sources where more information can be found (Hallahan, D. P. Hudson, K. ) Blick, D. W. , Test, D. W. (1987). Effects of self-recording on high-school studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ on-task behavior. Hallahan, D. P. , Lloyd, J. W. , Stoller, L. (1982). Improving attention with self-monitoring: A manual for teachers. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Learning Disabilities Research Institute. Hallahan, D. P. , Marshall, K. J. , Lloyd, J. W. (1981). Self-recording during group instruction: Effects on attention to task. Learning Disability Quarterly, 4, 407-413. G. Self Monitoring Bibliography. Hallahan, D. P. , Hudson, K. G. (2002). Teaching tutorial 2: Self monitoring of attention. Retrieved from www. teachingLD. org Shimabukuro, S. M. , Prater, M. A. , Jenkins, A. , Edelen-Smith, P. (1999). The effects of self-monitoring of academic performance on students with learning disabilities and ADD/ADHD. Education and Treatment of Children, 22, 397- 414. Webber, J. , Scheuermann, B. , McCall, C. , Coleman, M. (1993). Research on self-monitoring as a behavior management technique in special education classrooms: A descriptive review. Remedial and Special Education, 14, 38-56. Workman, E. A., Helton, G. B. , Watson, P. J. (1982). Self-monitoring effects in a four-year-old child:An ecological behavior analysis. Journal of School Psychology, 20, 57-64. II. Time Delay A. What is time delay? Time delay is a strategy that focuses on weaning the use of prompts during teaching and educational practices and is most often used with students who have Autism Spectrum disorders. When instructing someone who has a particular learning disability, sometimes he or she needs additional prompting right after the material has been presented; this could include least-to-most prompting, simultaneous prompting, etc. There are two types of time delay; progressive and constant. Progressive time delay takes the immediate additional help given to particular students and lessens it each time material is taught. The time in between the original presentation and the additional help is lengthened as a child gets more comfortable learning and proficient. Constant time delay occurs when a teacher gives no time between the original instruction and the added prompt, then continually lengthens that amount of time when proficiency strengthens (Neitzel, J). B. How do we know that Time Delay is effective? In order to be used in schools for students with Autism Spectrum disorders, time delay had to be researched numerous times and found to be an evidence based practice. The National Professional Development Center on ASD has defined what they mean by Ã¢â‚¬Å"evidence based practiceÃ¢â‚¬ to mean that it includes Ã¢â‚¬Å"randomized design studies, single-subject design studies, and combination of evidence. Ã¢â‚¬ Randomized design studies must include two experimental group design studies and they must be conducted by highly qualified researchers. Three separate investigators must have also conducted five high quality single-subject design studies. Once this is all done, the evidence from both must be combined to see allow researchers to see if time delay works in real life settings with ASD (Time Delay). C. When should a teacher use time delay? Time delay is a great strategy for a teacher to use when a student in her class has an Autism Spectrum disorder. It has been found that it is most effective when used with children and youth rather than older students, regardless of cognitive level and expressive abilities. According to the evidence listed above, time delay is very effective during the specific ages of 6-11. Teachers can instruct these specific students effectively on a variety of material using time delay such as academics, play/leisure, language/communication, and also social skills. It is important that all of this teaching be done in clinical environments, though, because that was where the studies were done and showed improvement (Neitzel, J) . D. What does a teacher need to do to implement Time Delay? There are multiple steps that a teacher must work his or way through in order to implement the time delay strategy. Both progressive and constant time delay procedures involve the same three steps of implementation; a cue and target stimulus, learner response, and feedback or consequence. Without all three of these components, time delay cannot be an effective strategy to use in the classroom while teaching students with Autism Spectrum disorders. The target stimulus, also called the antecedent, is what a teacher wants the student to respond by doing when posed with the cue. The cue is a signal that helps the student figure out what behaviors he or she should be exhibiting. When trying out the time delay strategy, it is important to keep the cues consistent so that the student knows what is expected of him or her during every activity. Learner response, the second necessary component of time delay, is the behavior that teachers want the student to pick up on. The feedback is the reinforcement of a behavior. Positive feedback when a student does something correctly is essential for that behavior to become consistent. On the opposite end, negative feedback when something is done incorrectly is just as important so a student knows to try to behave a different way. This Ã¢â‚¬Å"negative feedbackÃ¢â‚¬ is known as a correction procedure and involves a constant repetition of the cue and prompts necessary for the student to exhibit the correct behavior (Neitzel, J Worley, M). Knowing the broad steps for implementing time delay, a teacher must also know the specifics. There are multiple steps that one must go through in order to effectively use the strategy. Step one is identifying the skill or behavior and define them in an observable measure and identify it as wither a discrete task or a chained task. A teacher must also then define learner response behaviors so that they can easily be identified as either correct or incorrect. Next, a teacher needs to determine a students current skills. After this is determined and recorded, an educator must select the target stimulus and cue and clearly explain this to the child, and then do the same with the controlling prompt. Next, reinforces must be identified and the response interval should be decided upon (Neitzel, J. Worley, M). E. How does a teacher know if Time Delay is working? Just as with any teaching strategy, the way to tell if Time Delay is working is to compare student ability before and after the delay is implemented. Before a student is introduced to this strategy a teacher can instruct a student on anything in particular and record the amount of correct and incorrect responses. After this data is recorded, it would be important to introduce time delay and instruct the child on the correct responses, stimuli, etc. Once that is all introduced, the teacher could teach material and again keep track of correct and incorrect responses. If the amount of incorrect responses decreases and the amount of correct responses increases, there is a very good chance this change is due to the implementation of time delay. F. Where can a teacher find more information on Time Delay? Odom, S. L. , Brantlinger, E. , Gersten, R. , Horner, R. D. , Thompson, B. , Harris, K. (2004). Quality indicators for research in special education and guidelines for evidence-based practices: Executive summary. Arlington, VA: Council for Exceptional Children Division for Research. Rogers, S. J. , Vismara, L. A. (2008). Evidence based comprehensive treatments for early autism. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 37(1), 8-38. Ledford, J. R. , Gast, D. L. , Luscre, D. , Ayres, K. M. (2008). Observational and incidental learning by children with autism during small group instruction. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 86-103. Liber, D. B. , Frea, W. D. , Symon, J. B. G. (2008). Using time delay to improve social play skills with peers for children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 312-323. G. Time Delay Bibliography. Neitzel, J. (2009). Overview of time delay. Chapel Hill, NC: National Professional Development Center on Autism Spectrum Disorders, Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, The University of North Carolina. Neitzel, J. , Wolery, M. (2009). Steps for implementation: Time delay. Chapel Hill, NC: The National Professional Development Center on Autism Spectrum Disorders, Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, The University of North Carolina. Time delay. (2010). National Professional Development Center on ASD, Retrieved from http://autismpdc.fpg. unc. edu/sites/autismpdc. fpg. unc. edu/files/TimeDelay_Steps_0. pdf Mnemonics A. What is Mnemonics? Mnemonics are devices used to help people remember and recall things that are somewhat hard to remember on their own. Put simply, the job of a mnemonic is to make the difficult task of memorization a little bit simpler. Using mnemonics helps to combine a presentation a person is comfortable with information that needs to be remembered; the association between the presentation and the information makes recall easier (Bringham, R Bringham, M). There is a link between new information and prior knowledge in the presentation of a mnemonic, and often they employ both visual and acoustic cues. There are many different types of mnemonics. The keyword method works very well with new information, and is directly tied to something that a student already knows. For example, if there is a vocabulary word that a student is trying to learn that sounds like a word they are already familiar with, they can associate the two words together to remember the one they do not know. This association can be made with a picture, or just by memory. Another mnemonic method is the peg-word method. Peg words are similar to keywords but they are known for their rhyming proxies for numbers to help students remember numbered or ordered information. A third mnemonic is known as letter strategies, including acronyms and acrostics. An acronym is a words whose individual letters can represent elements in lists of information. Acrostics are sentences whose first letters represent the information that needs to be remembered (Scruggs Mastropieri, 2002). There are also mnemonics for remembered how to spell, such as pictures with specific letters decorated. B. How do we know that Mnemonics are effective? There have been numerous evidence based research studies done to prove the effectiveness of mnemonics. These studies have shown that students taught material mnemonically have had a significant amount of more success than those students who were not taught in tis way. A specific study was done by Forness, Kavale, Blum and Lloyd in 1997 that concluded that for special education students, instruction using mnemonics showed the most positive results (Forness, S. R. , Kavale, K. A. , Blum, I. M. , Lloyd, J. W. 1997). Building off of these findings, other studies on special education have been compiled and summarized to show that the average child with a learning disability scored 43% correct, while the average mnemonically taught student scored 75% correct (Mastropieri Scruggs, 1989). Also, classroom teacher applications of mnemonic techniques have suggested that these strategies are very effective in inclusive classrooms, in some cases raising the performance of students with learning disabilities to that of the normally achieving students (Mastropieri, Sweda, Scruggs; 2000; Uberti, Scruggs, Mastropieri, in press). C. When should Mnemonics be used? The fantastic thing about mnemonics is that they can virtually be used whenever, with any student in any subject. This strategy has been experimentally validated in english vocabulary, foreign language vocabulary, earth science, physical science, U. S. history, world history, letter recognition, math facts, and spelling. Moreover, it has been experimentally validated that mnemonics not only works in all of these subject areas for average students buy for students with learning disabilities as well. Mnemonics are also appropriate to use with students of any age, ranging from Kindergarten to college. Younger students typically do not have to recall the same amount of facts that are required of those older than them, but they are still useful in learning things such as the alphabet (Levin, 1993). Thus, this strategy is a great one for teachers to use frequently whenever large amounts of information are presented that must be remembered or recalled (Bringham, R. Bringham M. 2001). D. What does a teacher need to do to implement Mnemonics? Mnemonics should be used by all teachers when introducing information that must be remembered and there are certain ways to go about doing so. At first, the teacher should be the leader of mnemonics and should directly guide the students into coming up with specific ways to remember information. When a teacher is directly involved with every step of creating a mnemonic it is called maximum support. As students become more proficient in using mnemonics, though, it is important for the teacher to take a few steps back and let them go on their own. Once a certain level of proficiency is met, a teacher moves on to intermediate supports. Now, a teacher is still there if needed but most of the responsibility is turned over to the students and their peers to create and use mnemonics. After this step, a teacher can allow students to work on mnemonics independently. Following these steps help to not overwhelm students, and to help them to learn how to use the strategy on their own so that when they move to a different class or school they can take their knowledge of mnemonics with them and continue to use them. E. How does a teacher know if Mnemonics are working? The purpose of mnemonics is memorization so the best way to test if the strategy is working is to frequently question and test students on the information that they are supposed to be learning using the mnemonics. Some students might already know the information or might have guessed, so it is also important to ask them how they remembered the answer they gave. This way, a teacher can easily see if it is the mnemonic helping them recall the information or if it is something else entirely. Students, too, can alert a teacher as to whether or not the strategy is working by simply saying mnemonics are helpful to them specifically or not. F. Where can a teacher find more information about Mnemonics? Mastropieri, M. A. , Scruggs, T. E. (2000). The inclusive classroom: Strategies for effective instruction. Columbus, OH: Prentice Hall/Merrill. (Chapter 8, Attention and Memory) Mastropieri, M. A. , Scruggs, T. E. (1991). Teaching students ways to remember: Strategies for learning mnemonically. Cambridge, MA: Brookline Books. Brigham, F. J. , Scruggs, T. E. , Mastropieri, M. A. (1995). Elaborative maps for enhanced learning of historical information: Uniting spatial, verbal, and imaginal information. Journal of Special Education, 28, 440-460. Bulgren, J. A. , Schumaker, J. B. , Deshler, D. D. (1994). The effects of a recall enhancement routine on the test performance of secondary students with and without learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities Research Practice, 9, 2-11. G. Mnemonics Bibliography Bringham, R. , Bringham, M. (n. d. ). A focus on mnemonic instruction. (2001). Current Practice Alerts, (5), Retrieved from www. dldcec. org/alerts/ Scruggs, T. , Mastropieri, M. (n. d. ). Teaching tutorial: Mnemonic instruction. (2002). Division for Learning Disabilities , 1-26. Retrieved from www. teachingLD. org Mastropieri, M. A. , Scruggs, T. E. (1989a). Constructing more meaningful relationships: Mnemonic instruction for special populations. Educational Psychology Review, 1, 83-111. Forness, S. R. , Kavale, K. A. , Blum, I. M. , Lloyd, J. W. (1997). Mega-analysis of meta-analysis: What works in special education and related services. Teaching Exceptional Children, 29(6), 4-9. Mastropieri, M. A. , Sweda, J. , Scruggs, T. E. (2000). Teacher use of mnemonic strategy instruction. Learning Disabilities Research Practice, 15, 69-74. Levin, J. R. (1993). Mnemonic strategies and classroom learning: A twenty-year report card. The Elementary School Journal, 94(2), 235-244. Task Analysis A. What is task analysis? Task analysis is a learning strategy that involved breaking a learnable skill into smaller steps that are more manageable for students who need it (Franzone 2009). This strategy is something that is used by every single person at least once in their life, even if done so unconsciously. It is the only way to ever really learn complete processes, for example you have to walk before you can run. By breaking skills into smaller chunks, we all eventually learn specific tasks as if they are second nature and learn to not have to follow the original steps posed. It is necessary, though, to express the different parts that make up the whole (the skill being learned) until absolute mastery has been achieved (Grove 2012). B. How do we know that task analysis is effective? There are certain criterion that strategies have to meet before they can be used in schools, including in the special ed classroom. Task analysis meets these requirements and has been tested and proven in numerous evidence based practices. To be considered evidence based practice for people with Autism Spectrum disorder, efficacy must be established through peer-reviewed research in scientific journals using randomized or quasi-experimental design studies, single-subject design studies, and then a combination of evidence. High quality randomized design studies are categorized by the absence of critical design flaws that create confounds and the demonstration of experimental control at least three times in each study (Horner, Nathan, Odom, Rogers) . When should a teacher use task analysis? Task analysis is a strategy that can be used very effectively with children who have an autism spectrum disorder, no matter their cognitive level and expressive communicative skills. Children from preschool age to high school age have shown through studies that task analysis works and is an effective practice for older learners as well. It is also a good practice to use when teaching educators how to interact and teach their students with autism spectrum disorders. Task analysis has been proven to help all of these students in multiple areas. There are ways to use task analysis to teach in a school setting, in a classroom (inclusive or not). Also, there is evidence that it works in home and community settings. For instance, teaching a child with a significant disability how to complete regular everyday tasks such as brushing teeth, brushing hair, showering, etc becomes more easily possible if you employ task analysis (Franzone 2009). D. What does a teacher need to do to implement Task Analysis? In order to implement a task analysis in a particular classroom, a teacher must follow a set of steps. Step one is to identify the target skill. This step involves targeting a specific skill that is to be learned by the student with Autism Spectrum disorder. To do this, an educator must use the learnerÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Individual Education Plan/Individual Family Service Plan goals. The skill should consist a series of discrete steps, so as to make learning it a bit easier. For example, washing dishes is an acceptable skill to target. Turning on a sink or preparing, serving and cleaning up dinner would be either too simple or too hard. Step two involves identifying the prerequisite skills of the learner and the materials needed to teach the task. Step three is breaking the skill into components. This is the step where true task analysis really begins; where the skills are actually broken up into steps. Next, a teacher needs to confirm that the task is completely analyzed in order to sure no step is left out because it would compromise the entire activity. Step five involves determining how the teacher will actually teach the skill. Last, intervention must be implemented and progress must be monitored so that changes can be made if need be. E. How does a teacher know if Task Analysis is working? Before task analysis is implemented, it is important for teachers to closely monitor the student in question to see the skills they have the most trouble with. Keeping record of this will help to see if any bounds in learning have been made once the strategy has been put in place. Observation is key, before and after implementation, and if it is done carefully and cautiously enough a teacher can directly see the impact of the strategy after a student has learned the skill he or she was asked to learn. F. Where can a teacher find more information on task analysis? Alcantara, P. R. (1994). Effects of videotape instructional package on purchasing skills of children with autism. Exceptional Children, 61(1), 40-55. Browder, D. , Trela, K. , Jimenez, B. (2007). Training teachers to follow a task analysis to engage middle school students with moderate and severe developmental disabilities in grade appropriate literacy. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 22(4), 206-219. Hagopian, L. , Farrell, D. , Amari, A. (1996). Treating total liquid refusal with backward chaining and fading. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 29(4), 573-575. Liber, D. , Frea, W. , Symon, J. (2008). Using time-delay to improve social play skills with peers for children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 312-323. Luscre, D. , Center, D. (1996). Procedures for reducing dental fear in children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 26(5), 547-556. G. Task Analysis Bibliography Franzone, E. (2009). Overview of task analysis. Madison, WI: National Professional Development Center on Autism Spectrum Disorders, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin. Grove, A. (2013, August 08). Bright hub: Task analysis in special education. Retrieved from http://www. brighthubeducation. com/special-ed-learning-disorders/25800-how-task-analysis- Horner, R. , Carr, E. , Halle, J. , McGee, G. , Odom, S. , Wolery, M. (2005). The use of single subject research to identify evidence-based practice in special education. Exceptional Children, 71, 165-180. Nathan, P. , Gorman, J. M. (2002). A guide to treatments that work. NY: Oxford University Press. Odom, S. L. , Brantlinger, E. , Gersten, R. , Horner, R. D. , Thompson, B. , Harris, K. (2004). Quality indicators for research in special education and guidelines for evidence-based practices: Executive summary. Arlington, VA: Council for Exceptional Children Division for Research. Rogers, S. J. , Vismara, L. A. (2008). Evidence based comprehensive treatments for early autism. Journal of Clinical Child Adolescent Psychology, 37(1), 8-38. Szidon, K. , Franzone, E. (2009). Task Analysis. Madison, WI: National Professional Development Center on Autism Spectrum Disorders, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin. Functional Behavior Analysis What is functional behavior analysis? A functional behavior analysis is a variety of methods to identify and define behaviors that need to be changed. It is the process of gathering and analyzing information about a specific studentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s behavior and accompanying circumstances in order to determine reasons behind certain behaviors. These strategies help teachers identify interventions that will help to reduce these behaviors and help develop appropriate ones to fill the place of the ones being reduced. Functional behavior analysis relies on a number of techniques and strategies to identify the reasons behind each behavior and to help IEP teams select the interventions that are to be used. It should be integrated throughout the process of developing, reviewing, and revising a studentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Individualized Education Plan (McIntyre, 2001). How do we know that Functional Behavior Analysis is effective? Functional behavior analysis has been researched multiple times by different qualified researchers and has been found to show promising results in student achievement the vast majority of the time. Studies have been conducted multiple times to rule out any researcher error and students have shown drastic differences from before the strategy was implemented to after it was done. It is also important to note that Functional Behavior Assessment has obviously been proven effected in that it has become a part of national legislature, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. As stated in the act, it is mandatory that a student with known behavior problems be supported with this strategy (Jordan, 2006). When should a teacher use Functional Behavior Analysis Often times Functional Behavior Analysis is implemented on students with severe cognitive or communication disabilities such as autism (McIntyre, 2001). Even though this is so, ff ever there is a time that teachers become concerned about particular student with a disability, it is required by law (IDEA) to implement the functional behavior assessment process so that they can determine why the child in question is acting in such a way. This strategy helps to identify why a particular behavior occurred, and in determining this, a teacher can then begin to create interventions that will help the student avert from that negative behavior and replace it with a good behavior. It is important that teachers intervene with positive behavioral actions before the problem behaviors occur if at all possible. What does a teacher need to do to implement Functional Behavior Analysis? IDEA does not ever specifically define how a functional behavior analysis should be implemented, and often it depends on the needs of every specific child. There are, though, very specific steps that must occur in order for the strategy to work. First, a teacher must identify the behaviors that need to be changed, or at least the most serious of multiple strategies. In identifying the behaviors it is imperative to determine when and where they occur and when and where they do not. This will allow a teacher to try to determine the triggers for that specific student. After the behavior(s) are identified, a teacher must collect data on the specific childÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s performance in many different ways, and have as many sources possible. After all of this data is collected and recorded a hypothesis needs to be developed as to what could be the cause of these specific behaviors based on the data collected. This helps predict where the teacher needs to target the change that will be made. Next, as with any other experiment, the hypothesis must be tested. Using positive interventions, the childÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s specific team makes changes as needed to there Individualized Education Plan or Behavior Intervention Plan. After all of this is done the interventions need to be evalua.